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ADHD Stimulant Medication Stimulant medications are the first-line treatment for ADHD. They have a track record of a high response, a high tolerance, and are safe throughout the entire life span. However, it's important to choose the right dosage and medication that eases the symptoms of your child or yourself without causing side adverse effects. This can take a lot trial and error, as well as an open dialogue with your doctor. Stimulants Stimulants are substances that boost activity in the central nervous system. They are widely used as enhancement of cognitive and performance by students, athletes as well as artists and workers. They also serve to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. They also treat binge eating disorder, and other anxiety disorders. Amphetamines, methylphenidates and other stimulant medications are the most commonly used. FDA-approved prescription stimulants are available in immediate-release and extended-release formulas. Immediate-release pills are usually taken every 4 hours. They can trigger sudden, temporary decrease in energy called a crash when they have worn off. The crash can result in severe cravings, mood swings and fatigue. Immediate-release medication can also increase heart rate and blood pressure in some people, especially when they don't eat enough. Extended-release medicines are designed to release their active ingredients over a period of between 8 and 16 hours. Your doctor may suggest this type of medication if you are looking for long-lasting control of symptoms without having to take a pill several times a day. Ritalin Concerta and Focalin are all extended-release methylphenidate drugs. Another option is the long-acting methylphenidate patch called Daytrana, which sticks to the skin like a band-aid and lasts all day. This type of medication is often prescribed to adults suffering from ADHD who require a daily dose that lasts longer than the immediate-release options. Stimulant medication does not cure ADHD but it can help manage the symptoms by improving how neurons in the brain communicate. By blocking or binding their receptors, they can alter the level of neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine, in the brain. This allows more neurotransmitters to be released and assists in ensuring that messages between neurons are more efficiently transmitted and received. In addition to stimulants, doctors may prescribe antidepressants for ADHD. The majority of antidepressants prescribed to treat ADHD affect the norepinephrine and dopamine levels in your brain. Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors are an excellent option for those suffering from depression or anxiety. These medications are often combined with stimulants to boost their effectiveness. Your doctor could switch between stimulant and non-stimulant medication in the event that your current medication isn't working or causes an unacceptable adverse effects. Long-acting Stimulants can help 70% to 80 percent of adults and children with ADHD. They reduce symptoms such as fidgeting, arguing with others, and losing focus in conversations or on tasks. They also help improve the quality of work and social skills. The stimulant medication starts to work once it has crossed the blood-brain boundaries that can take 45 to 60 minutes. They increase norepinephrine and dopamine levels between brain cells, which decreases hyperactivity and impulsivity. The FDA-approved stimulant medications contain two molecules called the methylphenidate (Adderall, Ritalin, Vyvanse, Concerta) and amphetamine (Ritalin, Adderall XR, Vyvanse XR). These stimulants can cause adverse reactions that include stomach upset, loss of appetite, increased blood pressure and heart rate, headaches, and nervousness or anxiety. They can also make tics worse and trigger sleep problems in some people. Long-acting stimulants (such as Strattera and Wellbutrin) can be used throughout the day and night unlike the short-acting drugs which last only several hours. They can be employed to treat other conditions such as depression or anxiety. These medicines work by altering the way your body regulates monoamine oxidases. Monoamine oxidases break down dopamine within the brain and other neurotransmitters. These chemicals stay in the body for longer if they're not broken down. This can impact your behavior and your thinking. Long-acting medicines can cause less adverse effects, and your doctor may prescribe them in smaller doses that you consume throughout the day. Some stimulants are available in extended-release forms that you take once a day. Some adults might prefer this method however, it is important to be sure to take your stimulants each day. SSRIs and other medicines have been proven to be effective in treating ADHD in a variety of adults. These are usually used for anxiety or depression however, they can be prescribed for ADHD and 70% of people are able to respond. Bupropion, also called Wellbutrin is an SSRI approved for ADHD. It was proven to be more effective in a controlled study than placebos. These SSRIs can cause serious side effects such as ringing in the ears, anxiety, and changes to vision as well as lung and heart function in certain people. Short-acting Stimulant medication helps reduce ADHD symptoms by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain. These two chemicals assist people to control their behavior and focus. These drugs are available in different forms and each one has its own brand, such as Adderall Vyvanse Ritalin Concerta. There are two main types of stimulant medications that are methylphenidates (such as methylphenidate) and amphetamines (such as dextroamphetamine). They all have similar effects, but differ in the duration of their effect. The methylphenidates can have a shorter-lasting effect, lasting up to three hours. Amphetamines on the contrary hand have a longer-lasting effect. Some people tolerate stimulant medications better than others, and your doctor may prescribe them. It is essential to know as much as you can about the medication. This includes any adverse effects, how often it should be taken, and any warnings. This will help to work with your doctor to determine the best dosage and medication for you. It is important to know that these drugs can cause some negative side effects, including difficulty sleeping or loss of appetite. If you experience these issues you should talk to your doctor about adjusting the dosage or trying different medications. Adults with ADHD who aren't responding well to the stimulants might be treated with non-stimulant medications, which take longer to get started but can improve the ability of a person to pay attention and manage impulses. These drugs can be prescribed alone or in combination with stimulants. The first one is atomoxetine (brand names Strattera and Qelbree), which increases norepinephrine as well as dopamine in the prefrontal cortex which regulates the way we behave. Another is Guanfacine (brand name Intuniv) is a member to a group of medications called alpha agonists. They block the absorption of these brain chemicals, and increasing their levels in the bloodstream. Guanfacine was created to treat high blood pressure, but it has also been proven to aid people suffering from ADHD. Combinations People with ADHD utilize a variety of drug combinations. These include stimulants and depressant drugs such as Guanfacine or Clonidine. These drugs may have a calming affect on the brain, and can reduce symptoms like insomnia and aggressive behaviour. They can also prevent the withdrawal symptoms caused by stimulants. However, this combination can be dangerous if not utilized correctly. Combining two stimulants at the same time increases the risk of serotonin syndrome, a drug emergency that occurs when the body is flooded with too much serotonin. This combination may also increase the heart rate and blood pressure. The risks associated with this medication are greater for those with pre-existing health conditions such as high blood pressure or heart disease. Combinations of stimulants are increasingly being used by teens and young adults. These substances, which are sold in pharmacies, are referred to by the term “legal highs”. These drugs are also available on the black market. These substances can be dangerous especially when mixed with alcohol or other drugs. This is referred to as polydrug use and is extremely risky. Mixing drugs can trigger dangerous and unpredictable effects, including increased heart rate, slower breathing, paranoia, hallucinations seizures, addiction and hallucinations. Combination therapy is more effective than monopharmacotherapy in treating ADHD, according to a study. Combining medications improved adherence, and allowed patients to achieve better relief from symptoms than monotherapy. However there were medication for adult adhd who stopped their treatment due to side effects. In a few instances the medication was stopped because of sleep problems or worsening tics. This could be due to a misdiagnosis or lack of medication. Nonstimulants can also be used to treat ADHD. These drugs improve attention span and impulse control, but they don't work as well as stimulants. They are less likely to inhibit appetite and growth. Certain antidepressants may also be prescribed for ADHD. However they have a lower chance of improving concentration and focus. Numerous studies have demonstrated that atomoxetine and methylphenidate (Concerta) can be combined to yield superior results than either on its own. The combination of these two medications was found to increase adherence and reduce side effects in most people. The combination proved effective for adolescents and young adults. This combination could be a feasible option for children with severe ADHD.